Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eye diseases and disorders. Ophthalmologists are specialists who manage a wide range of conditions affecting vision, including cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia. They perform eye exams, prescribe corrective lenses, and may perform surgeries such as LASIK or cataract removal. Ophthalmology also includes the care of the surrounding structures, such as the eyelids and orbit. This field plays a crucial role in preserving and improving vision, which is essential for overall well-being.