Nephrology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders affecting the kidneys. The kidneys play a critical role in filtering waste, balancing electrolytes, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining fluid balance. Nephrologists manage conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury, kidney stones, hypertension, and complications related to dialysis or kidney transplantation. They often work closely with other specialists to address systemic diseases like diabetes and lupus that impact kidney function. Nephrology is essential for preserving kidney health and improving the quality of life for patients with renal conditions.